High nickel ternary lithium battery is an important lithium ion battery, the following is its detailed introduction:
first. Definition
High nickel ternary lithium battery cathode material is usually composed of nickel, cobalt, manganese (or aluminum) three elements, of which the content of nickel is relatively high, generally refers to nickel content of 60% and above ternary cathode material, common NCM622, NCM811, NCA and other systems. For example, NCM811 means that the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese is 8:1:1.
second. Advantages
1. High energy density: The increase in nickel content allows the battery to store more electrical energy, which significantly increases the energy density of the battery. Generally, the energy density of ternary lithium batteries is 180-230wh/kg, while the energy density of high-nickel ternary lithium batteries can easily reach more than 250wh/kg, which means that in the case of the same volume or weight, high-nickel ternary lithium batteries can provide longer driving range for electric vehicles and other equipment to meet people‘s needs for long endurance. Promote the development of the new energy automobile industry.
2. High charge and discharge efficiency: Nickel element in the charge and discharge process, can occur + 2/+3 price to + 4 price REDOX reaction, accelerate the process of lithium ion embedding and removal, thereby improving the charge and discharge efficiency, reduce the charging time.
3. Cost reduction potential: With the increase of nickel content, the content of cobalt can be correspondingly reduced, and cobalt is a more expensive metal, reducing the use of cobalt helps to reduce the manufacturing cost of the battery and improve its competitiveness in the market.
4. Good low temperature performance: Compared with lithium iron phosphate batteries, high nickel ternary lithium batteries have better low temperature performance, can maintain good battery performance at lower temperatures, reduce the attenuation of battery capacity, so as to provide relatively stable power support for equipment in cold environments.
third. Challenges
1. Safety issues: The thermal stability of high-nickel materials is relatively poor, and it is prone to thermal runaway, fire, explosion and other safety accidents when encountering high temperature, overcharge, external impact and so on. For example, in recent years, fire incidents of electric vehicles equipped with 811 high-nickel batteries have repeatedly occurred. In addition, high-nickel ternary materials are prone to cationic mixing and micro-cracks caused by lattice stress during charge and discharge, as well as surface side reactions, which will also affect the safety of the battery.
2, cycle life to be improved: due to the poor structural stability of high-nickel materials, in the long-term charge and discharge cycle process, it is easy to appear the powder of electrode materials, falling off and other phenomena, resulting in faster capacity decay of the battery, shortened cycle life, affecting the long-term performance of the battery.
3. High production process requirements: The production process of high-nickel ternary lithium battery is relatively complex, and the production equipment and technical requirements are high, and the parameters in the production process need to be strictly controlled to ensure the quality and performance consistency of the battery. This increases the difficulty and cost of production, and poses a higher challenge to the production capacity and technical level of enterprises.
fourth. Application field
1. New energy vehicles: It is one of the main application areas of high-nickel ternary lithium batteries, and its high energy density can meet the needs of electric vehicles for long endurance, promote the development of new energy vehicle industry, reduce the dependence on traditional fuel vehicles, reduce carbon emissions, and alleviate environmental pollution.
2. Energy storage system: In the field of energy storage, high-nickel ternary lithium batteries can be used for power grid energy storage, home energy storage, etc., which can effectively store electric energy, improve energy utilization efficiency, enhance the stability and reliability of the power grid, and promote the large-scale application of renewable energy.
3.3C digital products: such as smart phones, tablets, laptops, etc., the high energy density and fast charging and discharging performance of high-nickel ternary lithium batteries can provide more lasting power support for these devices to meet the needs of users for device battery life and fast charging.
4. Power tools: Provide power for power tools, so that it can continue to work for a long time, improve work efficiency, while its high energy density also helps reduce the weight of power tools, convenient for users to use.
fifth. Development Trend
1. Technical improvement: Researchers are constantly exploring new material modification and doping technologies, such as magnesium ion doping, to inhibit cationic mixing, reduce the generation of micro-cracks, and improve the structural stability of the material. At the same time, optimizing the preparation process of the material, controlling the introduction of impurities, and improving the distribution of conductive additives also help to improve the comprehensive properties of the material.
2. Battery management system optimization: By optimizing the battery management system (BMS) and thermal management strategy, the status of the battery can be monitored in real time, and abnormal conditions can be timely warned and dealt with, reducing the capacity decay speed in high temperature environment, and improving the safety and cycle life of the battery.
3. Market demand growth: as the global emphasis on environmental protection and energy transformation continues to strengthen, as well as consumers‘ requirements for the driving range of new energy vehicles continue to increase, the market demand for high-nickel ternary lithium batteries will continue to grow. In the future, high-nickel ternary lithium batteries are expected to be more widely used in new energy vehicles, energy storage and other fields, and the market size will continue to expand.
